TECHNOLOGY
The Ultimate Guide to Technology Expense Management (TEM)

Introduction
Technology drives modern businesses, yet uncontrolled spending creates waste. For instance, cloud services and SaaS tools cost billions yearly. However, without oversight, budgets shrink rapidly. Meanwhile, telecom and hardware expenses add up quickly. Therefore, companies must track costs carefully. Otherwise, inefficiencies drain resources. Fortunately, proper management helps. Specifically, monitoring usage prevents overspending. Additionally, auditing invoices catches errors. As a result, businesses optimise their tech investments. Ultimately, smart expense control boosts profitability.
This is where Technology Expense Management (TEM) proves essential. Essentially, TEM provides a strategic framework that systematically tracks tech spending. Moreover, it optimises costs while maintaining service quality. By implementing TEM, organisations gain control over escalating expenses. Ultimately, it transforms uncontrolled tech budgets into measurable value. By implementing effective TEM practices, businesses can reduce costs, improve visibility, and ensure compliance with vendor contracts.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore:
- What is technology expense management?
- Why is TEM Important for Businesses?
- Key Challenges in Managing Technology Expenses
- Best Practices for Effective TEM
- Tools and Solutions for TEM
- Future Trends in Technology Expense Management
Let’s dive in!
1. What is Technology Expense Management (TEM)?
Technology Expense Management (TEM) refers to the process of monitoring, analysing, and optimising an organisation’s technology-related spending. This includes:
- Telecom Expenses (mobile, landline, internet, and data services)
- Cloud & SaaS Costs (subscriptions like Microsoft 365, AWS, Zoom)
- Hardware & Software Purchases (laptops, servers, licenses)
- IT Services & Support (managed services, outsourcing)
TEM involves:
- Invoice Auditing – Ensuring billing accuracy and identifying overcharges.
- Vendor Management – Negotiating contracts and optimising service plans.
- Usage Analytics – Tracking consumption to eliminate waste.
- Cost Allocation – Assigning expenses to departments for accountability.
By implementing TEM, businesses gain better control over their IT budgets while maximising ROI on technology investments.
2. Why is TEM Important for Businesses?
A. Cost Savings & Waste Reduction
Many companies unknowingly pay for unused services, redundant software, or incorrect billing. TEM helps identify and eliminate these inefficiencies, leading to significant savings.
B. Improved Visibility & Accountability
With TEM, finance and IT teams gain real-time insights into tech spending. This transparency helps in budgeting and ensures departments are accountable for their usage.
C. Compliance & Contract Optimization
TEM ensures that vendors adhere to contractual terms, preventing overbilling. It also helps in renegotiating contracts for better pricing and terms.
D. Enhanced Security & Risk Management
Unmanaged technology expenses can lead to shadow IT (unauthorised software use), increasing security risks. TEM helps track all tech assets, reducing vulnerabilities.
E. Scalability & Future Planning
As businesses grow, tech expenses grow too. TEM provides data-driven insights to scale efficiently without overspending.
3. Key Challenges in Managing Technology Expenses
Despite its benefits, TEM comes with challenges:
A. Complex & Decentralized Spending
When multiple departments purchase SaaS, cloud, and telecom services independently, manual expense tracking quickly becomes unmanageable. Consequently, organizations often face disjointed data and inefficient processes. To solve this, centralized TEM solutions not only automate tracking but also provide real-time insights. As a result, companies regain control while eliminating costly errors.
B. Lack of Centralized Visibility
Without centralized visibility, organizations cannot analyze tech spending effectively, resulting in wasted budgets. By implementing a unified TEM platform, businesses gain complete oversight, eliminating inefficiencies while optimizing costs.
C. Vendor Billing Errors & Overcharges
Since telecom and cloud providers frequently bill inaccurately, regular audits become essential. By implementing automated monitoring, companies can quickly identify errors and recover overcharges, saving time while maximizing cost efficiency.
D. Shadow IT & Unauthorized Purchases
When employees adopt unauthorized tools, it creates duplicate costs and security vulnerabilities. To prevent this, enforce approval workflows that curb shadow IT while maintaining budget control.
E. Rapidly Evolving Technology Landscape
As new technologies emerge rapidly, organizations often struggle to monitor expenses. Initially, manual tracking seems feasible, but the growing volume quickly becomes overwhelming. Therefore, companies must adopt automated solutions since they provide real-time visibility. Consequently, businesses not only control costs but also optimize resource allocation.
4. Best Practices for Effective TEM
To overcome these challenges, businesses should adopt the following best practices:
A. Centralize Technology Spend Tracking
To optimize expense management, first implement a dedicated TEM platform that centralizes all technology costs. By doing so, organizations not only eliminate manual tracking but also enhance accuracy. Moreover, this approach significantly reduces errors while providing real-time visibility. Consequently, finance teams can make data-driven decisions and improve cost control.
B. Automate Invoice Auditing & Expense Validation
By implementing AI-powered tools, organizations can instantly identify billing errors while simultaneously detecting contract violations. Furthermore, these systems not only flag unused services but also recommend corrective actions. As a result, companies quickly optimize spending and maximize ROI. Consequently, TEM processes become both efficient and cost-effective.
C. Implement Approval Workflows for Tech Purchases
To begin, implement approval workflows where IT or finance must authorize purchases. This prevents shadow IT while ensuring compliance. Additionally, it reduces redundant spending as all requests are vetted. Moreover, centralized oversight improves visibility and optimizes software investments. Ultimately, this safeguards both budgets and security.
D. Regularly Review Vendor Contracts
- Renegotiate contracts annually for better rates.
- Eliminate redundant services.
- Optimise subscription tiers based on actual usage.
E. Monitor Usage Analytics
First, monitor tool usage to identify active and underutilized systems. Then, review license needs and cancel unused subscriptions. This optimizes costs while maintaining essential functionality.
F. Allocate Costs to Departments
By allocating tech costs to departments, organizations foster accountability. Furthermore, this approach promotes cost awareness as teams monitor usage. Consequently, spending becomes more efficient while maintaining productivity.
G. Conduct Regular TEM Audits
First, conduct quarterly reviews to spot inefficiencies. Then, analyze findings and adjust strategies accordingly. Finally, implement changes while tracking improvements. This ensures continuous cost optimization and operational efficiency.
5. Tools and Solutions for TEM
Several software solutions help automate and streamline TEM processes:
A. Cloud Cost Management Tools
- AWS Cost Explorer, Azure Cost Management, and Google Cloud Billing – Track and optimise cloud spending.
- CloudHealth by VMware, Densify – Provide advanced cloud cost analytics.
B. SaaS Management Platforms (SMPs)
- Zylo, Torii, Productiv – Discover, track, and optimise SaaS subscriptions.
C. Telecom Expense Management (TEM) Software
- Tangoe, Calero, Cass Information Systems – Automate telecom expense tracking and auditing.
D. Unified IT Financial Management (ITFM) Tools
- Apptio, ServiceNow ITFM, and Flexera provide end-to-end visibility into IT spending.
E. Custom Dashboards & Analytics (Power BI, Tableau)
- Build custom reports to analyse tech spend trends and forecast future costs.
6. Future Trends in Technology Expense Management
As technology evolves, so does TEM. Here are some emerging trends:
A. AI & Machine Learning for Predictive Cost Optimization
AI will help predict future spending patterns and recommend cost-saving measures proactively.
B. Increased Focus on SaaS & Cloud Cost Control
With SaaS sprawl becoming a major issue, companies will invest more in SaaS management tools.
C. FinOps (Financial Operations) Integration
FinOps bridges finance, IT, and business teams to align cloud spending with business value.
D. Blockchain for Transparent Vendor Billing
Blockchain could reduce billing disputes by providing immutable transaction records.
E. Sustainability & Green IT Expense Management
Companies will prioritise energy-efficient tech and carbon footprint tracking in TEM strategies.
Conclusion
Technology Expense Management (TEM) is now essential for businesses. Firstly, it helps control costs and boosts efficiency. Additionally, it ensures better financial oversight. By contrast, ignoring TEM leads to wasted budgets. Therefore, companies must adopt it to stay competitive. To begin with, automation plays a key role. For example, AI-powered tools detect billing errors quickly. Moreover, they track unused subscriptions. As a result, businesses save money effortlessly. Similarly, analytics provide real-time spending insights. Consequently, decision-making improves.
Furthermore, TEM prevents shadow IT risks. In other words, it stops unauthorised software use. Meanwhile, centralized tracking simplifies expense management. For instance, all invoices are reviewed in one place. Thus, overcharges are easily spotted.
To begin, vendor contracts require frequent reviews since outdated services often incur unnecessary costs. Following audits, renegotiations typically reduce expenses while improving terms. Similarly, analysing usage data not only optimises licences but also aligns spending with real needs. Looking forward, TEM’s importance will surge as digital transformation accelerates. Particularly, AI will soon forecast expenses, whereas FinOps connects costs to business outcomes. Meanwhile, blockchain could potentially revolutionise billing transparency.
In summary, TEM converts expenses into advantages because it enables smarter investments. Consequently, early adopters gain competitive edges while laggards face rising costs. Ultimately, implementing TEM now ensures future-ready operations where technology spending drives growth rather than waste.
Key Takeaways:
✔ TEM helps track, optimise, and control tech-related expenses.
✔ Challenges include decentralised spending, billing errors, and shadow IT.
✔ Best practices: Centralise tracking, automate audits, review contracts, and monitor usage.
✔ Use TEM tools like SaaS management platforms, cloud cost trackers, and ITFM software.
✔ Future trends: AI-driven cost optimisation, FinOps, and blockchain for billing transparency.
Is your business effectively managing its technology expenses? If not, now is the time to take action!
What’s your biggest challenge in managing tech expenses?
HEALTH
The Future of Healthcare: How Technology is Elevating At-Home Care

The healthcare industry has been undergoing a significant transformation over the past few decades. One of the most profound changes is the shift toward at-home care, driven by advancements in future healthcare technology is elevating at-home care. As the global population ages and the demand for healthcare services rises, patients are increasingly turning to the comfort of their homes for treatment and recovery. The rise of telemedicine, wearable devices, artificial intelligence (AI), and other cutting-edge technologies is revolutionizing how healthcare is delivered and managed outside of traditional medical settings.
This article explores the role of emerging healthcare technologies in elevating at-home care, improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and offering more personalized care options.
The Growing Demand for At-Home Care
In recent years, there has been a marked shift in healthcare delivery, with more emphasis on at-home care. This trend is particularly evident among elderly individuals, chronic illness patients, and those with mobility issues, as they often prefer to receive treatment in a familiar, comfortable environment. At-home care provides multiple benefits such as improved quality of life, better mental health outcomes, and more affordable healthcare alternatives.
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote healthcare as patients sought ways to avoid hospitals and clinics. At-home care became a necessity, and future healthcare technology is elevating at-home careplayed a crucial role in ensuring that patients continued to receive quality care without stepping foot in a medical facility.
With the continuous evolution of healthcare technologies, it is clear that at-home care is not just a temporary solution—it is the future of healthcare. Let’s explore how innovations in future healthcare technology is elevating at-home careare transforming at-home care.
Telemedicine: A Virtual Bridge Between Patients and Providers
One of the most significant technological advancements in at-home care is telemedicine. Telemedicine allows healthcare providers to deliver care remotely, often through video calls, phone consultations, or online communication platforms. The ability to consult with doctors and specialists from the comfort of one’s home is a game-changer for patients who may have difficulty traveling to healthcare facilities.
Telemedicine has become a staple in primary care, mental health services, and post-surgery follow-ups. Virtual visits allow for real-time consultations, reducing wait times and the need for in-person visits. This is especially beneficial for patients with chronic conditions who require frequent check-ups or those who live in rural areas with limited access to healthcare providers.
In addition to video consultations, telemedicine platforms often include features such as secure messaging, electronic prescriptions, and diagnostic tools that enable providers to monitor patient health remotely. This continuous monitoring ensures that healthcare providers can intervene when necessary, reducing the risk of complications and improving overall patient care.
Wearable Devices: Empowering Patients with Real-Time Data
Wearable devices are revolutionizing at-home care by providing patients and healthcare providers with real-time data on vital signs, activity levels, and other important health metrics. From fitness trackers to smartwatches, these devices enable continuous monitoring of a patient’s health status, making it easier to detect early signs of medical issues before they become emergencies.
Some of the most popular wearable devices include:
-
Smartwatches: Devices like the Apple Watch and Fitbit can monitor heart rate, track physical activity, and even detect abnormal heart rhythms or falls. Many of these devices are now equipped with advanced sensors that can track oxygen levels, blood pressure, and even sleep patterns. This continuous data collection helps healthcare providers track patients’ progress and make adjustments to treatment plans when needed.
-
Smart Medical Devices: Devices such as blood glucose monitors for diabetic patients or blood pressure cuffs for individuals with hypertension allow patients to monitor their conditions at home. These devices connect to mobile apps or telemedicine platforms, sending real-time data to healthcare providers for review.
-
Wearable ECG Monitors: Patients with heart conditions can benefit from wearable ECG monitors, which provide continuous electrocardiogram readings. These devices can detect arrhythmias or other abnormalities, prompting healthcare providers to take action before a serious issue arises.
Wearables have also made managing chronic conditions easier for patients by reducing the need for frequent hospital visits. Patients can upload data directly to their healthcare provider’s platform, eliminating the need for manual reporting and enabling more efficient and timely interventions.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment
Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are transforming how at-home care is managed. By analyzing vast amounts of patient data, AI algorithms can identify patterns, predict health risks, and recommend personalized treatment plans. These technologies help healthcare providers make more accurate and timely decisions, improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of errors.
One example of AI in at-home care is the use of predictive analytics to prevent hospital readmissions. By analyzing patient data, AI algorithms can predict which patients are at risk of being readmitted to the hospital and suggest preventive measures. For example, if a patient has been discharged after surgery, the system may recommend specific follow-up care, medication adjustments, or lifestyle changes to prevent complications.
AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are also becoming increasingly common in at-home care. These tools can interact with patients, answer their questions, and remind them to take medication. In some cases, they even use natural language processing (NLP) to understand and respond to complex medical inquiries, providing a more personalized experience.
Moreover, AI-driven diagnostic tools are enhancing remote monitoring. For example, algorithms can analyze imaging data from home-based medical devices, such as smart thermometers or digital stethoscopes, to detect anomalies that may require further medical attention.
Remote Patient Monitoring: Keeping Track of Health at Home
Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is another groundbreaking technology that enables healthcare providers to monitor patients’ health from a distance. RPM uses digital tools to collect health data, such as blood pressure, glucose levels, and weight, and transmit it to healthcare providers in real-time. This allows for ongoing assessments of a patient’s health and helps providers make adjustments to treatment plans as needed.
RPM is especially beneficial for patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). With RPM, patients can take their health readings at home, allowing for more frequent and comprehensive monitoring than traditional in-person visits would allow.
The data collected through RPM can be used to track disease progression, prevent complications, and reduce the need for emergency room visits. For example, if a patient’s blood pressure begins to rise or their glucose levels fluctuate, healthcare providers can intervene early to avoid more serious issues.
Additionally, RPM reduces the burden on healthcare facilities by freeing up resources and reducing hospital readmissions, making it a cost-effective solution for both patients and providers.
Robotics and Automation: Enhancing Home Healthcare Delivery
Robotics and automation are transforming at-home care by streamlining services and improving patient access. Robotic devices assist with physical therapy, offering real-time feedback and support. These tools help patients with mobility challenges perform exercises safely and effectively. Moreover, they mimic human movement, making sessions more interactive and engaging. In addition, robots manage medications through automated pill dispensers that sort doses and send reminders. As a result, patients stay on track with treatment plans. Furthermore, delivery drones and autonomous vehicles are emerging to transport prescriptions and supplies. Clearly, robotics continues to expand possibilities for efficient, high-quality care at home.
The Role of Virtual Reality (VR) in At-Home Care
Virtual reality (VR) is rapidly finding valuable uses in at-home healthcare beyond entertainment and gaming. Increasingly, providers use VR in therapeutic settings. For instance, patients recovering from surgery or injury engage in virtual physical therapy from home. These interactive exercises make rehabilitation more enjoyable and reduce patient stress. Moreover, VR enhances motivation and consistency in recovery routines. In addition, VR shows promising results in mental health treatment. Patients with anxiety, depression, or PTSD experience calming virtual environments during therapy. As a result, they report reduced stress and improved emotional well-being. Clearly, VR technology transforms how patients experience care at home.
Conclusion: A Bright Future for At-Home Care
The future of healthcare is shifting toward patient-centered, technology-driven at-home care. Innovations in telemedicine, wearables, AI, and robotics enable high-quality treatment at home. Remote monitoring and virtual reality also enhance care delivery, improving convenience and engagement. Moreover, these technologies reduce healthcare costs and boost personalized care. Patients now enjoy better outcomes without visiting hospitals. As technology rapidly evolves, it introduces even more effective, accessible solutions. Consequently, at-home care becomes a sustainable choice for many. This convergence promises a healthier, connected future. Patients will receive top-tier care while remaining comfortable in their homes, supported by cutting-edge healthcare innovations every step of the way.
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BLOG
Vet Tech CRI Math – Understanding and Mastering CRI Calculations in Veterinary Technology

In veterinary medicine, precision is critical—especially when it comes to administering treatments and monitoring patient care. One of the most important mathematical skills for veterinary technicians is CRI math, short for Constant Rate Infusion calculations. This area of knowledge ensures that animals receive the correct amount of medication or fluids over a set period.
The keyword Vet Tech CRI Math refers to the understanding and application of these calculations in a veterinary technology context. It combines pharmacology, mathematics, and practical clinical skills. Without accurate CRI math, there’s a risk of underdosing or overdosing patients, which could compromise treatment effectiveness and patient safety.
In this article, we’ll break down what CRI math is, why it’s vital for veterinary technicians, the common formulas used, real-world examples, and tips for mastering these calculations.
What is CRI in Veterinary Technology?
CRI stands for Constant Rate Infusion. It’s a method of delivering a medication or fluid continuously and at a steady rate over a specified time. In veterinary practice, CRIs are often used for:
-
Pain management (analgesics)
-
Antibiotic administration
-
Sedatives or anesthetics
-
Electrolyte and fluid therapy
Unlike a single injection, a CRI provides a steady level of medication in the patient’s system, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and avoiding peaks and troughs in drug concentration.
Why CRI Math Matters for Vet Techs
Veterinary technicians are often responsible for preparing and monitoring CRIs. This requires them to calculate:
-
The total dose of the drug needed based on the patient’s weight and the prescribed rate.
-
The dilution of the drug in a fluid bag.
-
The infusion rate on the IV pump to deliver the correct dose over time.
Incorrect math can lead to serious consequences:
-
Overdose – Causing toxic side effects or even fatal reactions.
-
Underdose – Leading to ineffective treatment and prolonged illness.
Because of these stakes, mastering Vet Tech CRI Math is a core competency in veterinary training programs.
Breaking Down CRI Math – The Basics
CRI math involves combining several calculation steps. Here’s a simplified approach:
Step 1: Determine the Total Dose per Hour
Formula:
Example:
A 20 kg dog needs a medication at 0.5 mg/kg/hr:
Step 2: Calculate the Total Drug Needed for the Infusion Period
Formula:
Example:
If the CRI is to run for 8 hours:
Step 3: Convert to Milliliters (Based on Drug Concentration)
Formula:
Example:
If the drug is 2 mg/mL:
Step 4: Dilute into Fluid Volume
Add the calculated drug volume into a bag of IV fluids (e.g., 500 mL or 1 L). The IV pump will be set based on the total fluid volume and desired drug rate.
Step 5: Set the Infusion Rate on the Pump
If you know the total fluid volume and the infusion time, you can calculate the pump rate in mL/hr:
Common CRI Math Examples in Veterinary Practice
Example 1 – Pain Management with Fentanyl
A 25 kg dog needs fentanyl at 5 mcg/kg/hr. The concentration is 50 mcg/mL. The CRI will run for 12 hours.
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Add 30 mL to a 500 mL fluid bag.
Example 2 – Lidocaine CRI for Arrhythmia
A 30 kg dog needs lidocaine at 50 mcg/kg/min. Concentration: 20 mg/mL. Infusion for 6 hours.
Step 1: Convert mcg to mg:
Step 2: Dose per minute:
Step 3: Dose per hour:
Step 4: Total for 6 hours:
Step 5: Volume:
Tips for Mastering Vet Tech CRI Math
-
Understand the Units – CRI math often switches between micrograms, milligrams, and milliliters. Being comfortable with conversions is essential.
-
Double-Check Every Step – One small mistake early on can drastically change the final infusion rate.
-
Use a Standard Formula Sheet – Many clinics keep laminated CRI math charts for quick reference.
-
Practice with Realistic Scenarios – The more you work through examples, the faster and more accurate you’ll become.
-
Confirm with a Colleague – In clinical settings, it’s standard practice to have another trained person verify your math before starting a CRI.
Vet Tech CRI Math in the Context of Certification and Exams
Students in veterinary technology programs often face CRI math questions in exams. The ability to perform these calculations is also tested in national certification exams like the VTNE (Veterinary Technician National Exam).
Common exam challenges include:
-
Multi-step problems involving drug concentration changes
-
Unit conversions between mcg, mg, and g
-
Adjusting infusion rates for patient weight changes
-
Interpreting doctor’s orders with incomplete information
Mastering Vet Tech CRI Math before entering clinical rotations not only improves exam performance but also ensures confidence during real patient care.
Common Mistakes in CRI Math and How to Avoid Them
-
Mixing up Units – Always label every number with its unit to avoid confusion.
-
Skipping Steps – Trying to do multiple conversions in one step increases error risk.
-
Misreading Concentration Labels – Double-check whether a drug label states mg/mL, mcg/mL, or percentage.
-
Forgetting to Adjust for Dilution – The total fluid volume affects pump settings.
Technology and CRI Math – Helpful Tools for Vet Techs
While manual calculations are essential to understand the process, many clinics now use:
-
CRI Calculators – Digital tools or apps that perform the math once you enter the data.
-
Smart IV Pumps – Allow you to enter patient weight and dose directly, with automatic calculations.
-
Spreadsheet Templates – Custom clinic sheets with pre-set formulas for common drugs.
Even with technology, vet techs must be able to manually verify results for safety.
Why Employers Value CRI Math Skills
Proficiency in Vet Tech CRI Math demonstrates:
-
Strong attention to detail
-
Understanding of pharmacology
-
Ability to follow complex medical orders
-
Commitment to patient safety
Technicians with solid CRI math skills are often trusted with more responsibilities and can advance into lead tech or supervisory roles.
Summary Table – CRI Math Formula Quick Reference
Step | Formula | Notes |
---|---|---|
1 | Weight (kg) × Dose (mg/kg/hr) | Gives dose per hour |
2 | Dose per hour × Hours | Total drug amount needed |
3 | Total drug (mg) ÷ Concentration (mg/mL) | Converts to volume |
4 | Volume + Diluent | Total infusion volume |
5 | Total volume ÷ Time (hr) | Pump setting in mL/hr |
Conclusion
Vet Tech CRI Math is more than just a classroom exercise—it’s a life-saving skill in veterinary practice. From pain management to critical care, the ability to calculate accurate constant rate infusions ensures animals receive the right amount of medication at the right time.
For aspiring vet techs, mastering CRI math not only boosts confidence but also improves job readiness. For working professionals, it’s an essential part of delivering safe, effective patient care.
By practicing regularly, double-checking calculations, and understanding the underlying concepts, veterinary technicians can excel in this critical area and contribute to better outcomes for their patients.
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